关於非平衡的生态观，除了学术期刊论文之外，可以参考一本最近出版的专书： Rohde, K. 2005. Nonequilibrium Ecology. Cambridge University Press. 摘录一小段简介如下 Ecology has long been shaped by ideas that stress the sharing of resources and the competition for those resources, and by the assumption that populations and communities typically exist under equilibrium conditions in habitats saturated with both individuals and species. However, much evidence contradicts these assumptions and it is likely that nonequilibrium is much more widespread than might be expected. This book is unique in focusing on nonequilibrium aspects of ecology, providing evidence for nonequilibrium and equilibrium in populations (and metapopulations), in extant communities and in ecological systems over evolutionary time, including nonequilibrium due to recent and present mass extinctions. 有兴趣请仔细阅读 --

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