Nature 有个转译医学的「系列文章」 http://www.nature.com/news/specials/translationalresearch/index.html 有个约五分钟的 Podcast 讨论何谓转译医学 我自行打逐字稿如下 （有很多问号是我听不清楚的，有人听懂可以补充） （还是有写好的啊！听 Podcast 很累耶！^^||) ======================================================================== If you work in Biomed, you already know the term translational research, but what is it? Well it's designed to be a more effective way to convert basic science into more of the things that really matter to patient, such as new therapies. The new approach is the subject of a new special package of this issue of nature, and we're joined on the line from New York by feature editor Helen Pearson, who has put the package together. Mike: Hi Helen Helen: Hi Mike Mike: So I suppose the only first question is what is translational research? Helen: Well that is a good first question because you ask 10 people that question you probably get 10 completely different answers. It's a fairly new term actually only came to be commonly used off around 2000. But generally, in the issue, we've taken to mean what's most relevant to our readers, so it's taking discoveries which will be made in basic biomedical science such as new drug targets and it's ensuring that they end up actually helping patients. What it doesn't mean is that discoveries end up sitting on shelves or just in the pages of a journal like Nature. So often translational research is taken to be synonymous with bench to bedside, with a as if you're going to take these basic biomedical discoveries and feed them into this pipeline or black box and then out the end will pop this perfect drug. But what most people are saying now is that it's much more cy??? process. So that one thing for example that tests in human that's actually an experiment in itself and you need to take result of that experiment even if it's a failed clinical trial and learn from them and feed those results back to the bench. Mike: So has that traditionally being a big disconnection between basic research and applications? And is this the way trying to tackle that? Helen: Historically, there hasn't really been a disconnect. So I think if you went back 30 or 40 years you'll find that basic research and medicine really went hand-in-hand and lots of people were trained in both discipline. But the reason that this has become an issue is that biomedical research has changed massively in the last 10 or 20 years so it used to be all about one gene, one protein, one molecules and now it's all about all genes, all proteins, all molecules, all the time. Just take the human genome project, to mean, just say we have a list of virtually every drug targets thought to exist. It's almost become overwhelming. So while being this explosion of this quantity of information that's coming out, the problem is that there hasn't been this eqaual explosion or increase in the ways to carry that this basic information through into the clinic. Mike: Man, as he said that it does sound fairly overwhelming, yeah, for example, making sense of the whole human genome and its therapeutic potential. Is there a right and a wrong way to do translational research without it becoming all too confusing? Helen: I don't think we can say at this stage that there is a right and a wrong way because it is a fairly new effort. Many institutions are trying to put in place ways to do it. For example at the National Institute of Health, one of the focuses under director Elias Zerhouni has been to tackle translational research and they investing are 500 million a year at the moment to set up centers of translation across the US. And lots of people are watching that effort with a lot of interest. And within each of those centers they are going about different ways but generally involve training courses with people who are comfortable with basic research and with clinical research. So it's often about setting up infrastructure. But to say one way is better than next I think it's too premature at this stage. Mike: So you mentioned basic research there. Is your average basic research are going to have to change their approach in order to preserve their funding. And all basic researches at all was resentful about this movement. Helen: I think there is a nervousness amongst basic researchers that the new emphasis on translational research means that the pendulum has swung too far toward application and away from what they like to do. I am not convinced as much foundation to that. I think a lot of these effort are adding to these money which is already going to basic research. And for example the effort by the NIH is still 1 to 2 percent of the budget which is going on translation. So, yes that there is that feeling of apprehension, but I don't think the message that I heard from the people I interviewed is that we should be scaling back from basic research. Most people still recognize that it's the serendipidous discoveries that comp. ??? research which end up the best to translate so we need to still support that, and that's what Zerhouni would say too. Mike: So how will we actually know whether or not translational research is working in the XX? Are we going to stop seeing lots of biomed researchers is becoming millionaires with their spin-off companies. Helen: It's very difficult to measure. It's one of the question which people who are dealing with translational research are scratching their heads over. That's probably because drug development and diagnostic development is a really long process. It takes 10 or 20 years. And most things that enter the process will end up failing at some point. So lots of organizations are saying how we're going to measure our success. And they might end up counting the number of clinical trials they're doing or the amount of intellectual properties they generated or the number of people they trained. But I think it's almost the question we need to come back to in 5 or 10 years time and then if the number of new drugs and products hasn't gone up then we need to question whether this spoke (?) on translational medicine has been working. --

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