※ 引述《freeflywould (诚实可靠小郎君)》之铭言： : 最近在努力搞懂的东西 : 只看的懂一半而已 : 贴上全文，希望有英文达人出面噜 : The operating empty weight (OEW) is the basic weight of the aircraft : including the crew and all the gear required for flight but not including : the payload and fuel. The operating empty weight is not a constant for : passenger aircraft but varies with the seating configuration. 空机操作重量(OEW) ＝飞机本身重量＋机组人员体重，不包括酬载客货的重量与燃油重量 客机的OEW值会因座位配置不同而改变 : The zero-fuel weight (ZFW) is the weight above which all additional weight : must be fuel, so that when the aircraft is in flight, the bending moments : at the junction of the wing and fuselage do not become excessive. 飞机无燃油重量(ZFW) ＝飞机本身重量＋机组人员体重＋酬载量的上限 不可超过，以免飞行当中机翼弯曲程度超过机体结构所能忍受的程度 : The payload refers to the total revenue-producing load. : This includes the weight of passengers and their baggage, : mail, express, and cargo. 酬载量 飞机收费营业的对象，包括乘客、行李、邮件、货物的重量 : The maximum structural payload is the maximum load which the aircraft is : certified to carry, whether this load be passengers, cargo, or a : combination of both. 最大酬载量 飞机所能酬载全客、全货或客货混合重量的上限 : Theoretically, the maximum structural payload is the difference between : the zero-fuel weight and the operating empty weight. The maximum payload : actually carried is usually less than the maximum structural payload : because of space limitations. This is especially true for passenger aircraft, : in which seats and other tiems consume a lot of space. 理论上，最大酬载量　＝　飞机无燃油重量－空机操作重量 实际承载的客货重量，因空间配置因素，通常低於最大酬载量 尤其是客机，因为座位和其他设施占用不少空间 : The maximum ramp weight is the maximum weight authorized for ground : maneuver including taxi and run-up fuel. As the aircraft taxis between : the apron and the end of the runway, it burns fuel and consequently loses : weight. 最大停机坪重量 飞机获准在地面行动的最大重量，包括滑行和引擎试车时消耗的燃油重量 飞机从机坪滑行到跑道端点时，消耗燃油，重量随之减少 : The maximum structural takeoff weight is the maximum weight authorized at : brake release for takeoff. It excludes taxi and run-up fuel and includes : the operating empty weight, trip and reserve fuel, and payload. : The difference between the maximum structural takeoff weight and the maximum : ramp weight is very nominal, only a few thousand pounds. 最大起飞重量 飞机获准放开刹车起飞的最大重量 ＝空机操作重量＋飞行暨备用燃油重量＋酬载量 不包括滑行和引擎试车时消耗的燃油重量 最大停机坪重量和最大起飞重量差距通常很小，只有几千磅 : The maximum structural landing weight is the structural capability of : the aircraft in landing. The main gear is structurally designed to absorb : the forces encountered during landing; the larger the forces, the heavier : the gear must be. 最大降落重量 飞机结构所能承受降落时的最大重量 主起落架的结构设计为能承受降落的冲力，冲力越大，起落架必须越粗壮 : Normally the main gears of transport aircraft are structurally designed : for a weight less than the maximum structural takeoff weight. This is so : because an aircraft loses weight en route by burning fuel. This loss in : weight is considerable if the journey is long, being in excess of 80,000lb : for large jet transports. 一般主起落架设计所能承受的最大降落重量低於最大起飞重量 因为飞行途中消耗燃油，就会减轻重量， 长途飞行则减轻的重量更可观，例如大型喷射机，可以高达八万磅 : It is therefore not economical to design the main : gear of an aircraft to support the maximum structural takeoff weight during : landing, since this situation will rarely occur. 最大降落重量很少等於最大起飞重量， 因此主起落架无须设计为能承受相当於最大起飞重量的降落冲力 否则不符合经济效益 : If is does occur, as in the case of aircraft malfunction just after takeoff, : the pilot must jettison or burn off sufficient fuel prior th returning to : the airport so as not to exceed the maximum landing weight. 如果有降落重量相当於最大起飞重量这样的情况要发生 例如，起飞後不久就故障，必须立刻降落 必须先空中泄放燃油，或盘旋飞行消耗燃油，再降落 以免降落时实际重量超过最大降落重量 : For short-range aircraft such as the DC-9, the main gear is designed to : support, in a landing operation, a weight nearly equal to the maximum : structural takeoff weight. This is so because the distances between stops : are short, and therefore a large amount of fuel needed to make the trip : and the reserves required by regulations set forth by the government : in the Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) , part 121. 短程的飞机，例如DC-9，主起落架结构设计能承受的降落重量几乎等於最大起飞重量 因为起降地点距离近，依美国联邦航空管理规则第121条， 必须携带充足的飞行暨备用燃油 (121.639: 携带燃油，必须足供飞到目的地＋最远的备降机场＋ 巡航45分钟或白天目视飞行巡航30分钟) --

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