明明只有一点点 却被我翻译很久 我的英文很烂 请鞭小力点= = 图文版 http://blog.yam.com/nameofwater/article/30761754 虽然说我不知道为什麽後面3张图好像是坏的= = 学长也说他找不到原文网址了 有兴趣的人在自己去找看看吧 ============================================================================== This article is going to explain different types of Algae that are found in the aquarium and the reasons why they have occurred, as well as treatment. Please remember that this is just the basics, and a reference for determining what could be your algae, and the possible cause / solution. Some of the solutions can be risky, so please post before you go ahead full steam on any of the recommendations, and always ask if you need more information 本篇文章将会解释各种不同的水族藻类以及其产生原因，跟治疗方式，请记得这只是基本 的参考用以确认你的藻类可能发生原因跟解决方式(这里简单的说明一些长藻类的可能原 因跟处理)，有些处理方式风险很高，所以在大胆处理之前，最好先发文询问。 1 - BGA, aka BLUE GREEN ALGAE, SLIME 1-蓝绿藻(BLUE GREEN ALGAE) This type of algae usually occurs from beneath the substrate, and rises up. You can visually see this happening before a breakout begins, so it always worth keeping an eye on the higher levels of the substrate. BGA is actually not an algae but a mixture of Cyanobacteria & Algae. It grows in sheets and can have a bad smell to it. (X)(翻译的不好)蓝绿藻类常出现在底床生长在蓝绿藻爆藻前以前，通常能够肉眼察觉， 所以这需要你用肉眼持续观察你的高级底床(鱼缸?) ( )(蓝绿藻常出现在底床，在蓝绿藻爆藻前以前，通常能够肉眼察觉，为了你的鱼缸， 一定要保持注意你的底床) 蓝绿藻其实不是一种藻类而是混合型藻类，片状成长而且带有难闻的味道 Causes - A) Low nitrate levels B) Areas of poor circulation with low O2, such as the substrate Solutions - In my experience the best way to totally get rid of BGA is to perform a 3 day blackout on the tank. Doing this will stop the development of the algae, as no light will be entering the tank. Plants will do just fine with this, as they have a more complex system over algae that allows them to survive longer without the correct environment. To perform a blackout it is very simple and risk free. 1) Cover the tank completely so no light gets in, i have used bin bags to cover small tanks as well as old rolls of wallpaper.. you get the idea. 2) Turn off any CO2 system that may be running. 3) Use an air pump when covered. 4) Do not feed during the 3 day blackout 5) Upon completion of the blackout, do a 20% water change. If the outbreak is really bad, it is worth checking the filter to remove any excess BGA that may be there. In all the cases that I have done this, the algae has died totally, and the plants give a nice growth spurt when the lights and normal conditions are resumed. 产生原因 - A. 硝酸盐含量过低 B. 低氧的循环环境，如底部浪板(底砂? 底床? 底板?) 解决方法 - 根据我的经验，最好的方法是关灯三天，可完全摆脱掉整缸蓝绿藻 使得整缸保持无光情况，如此一来便会停止整个藻类生长 水草(植物?)有比藻类更复杂的系统，使水草(植物?))可以在不正确的环境存活的比藻类 更久，而不受影响 关灯是种非常简单而没有风险的方式 1. 用垃圾袋包住小鱼缸，再包上旧壁纸，完整包住整个鱼缸，让他不透光进去，现在你 也会了^^ 2. 关掉CO2供应 3. 包住的时候继续让打气帮浦运作 4. 在三天的无光期间不要喂食 5. 结束无光期之後换水20%，如果爆藻情况真的很严重，记得要确认过滤器中该清掉的蓝 绿藻 这样处理之後，藻类都死光了，给予水草植物光跟正常环境也重新开始成长^^ 2 - Green Dust Algae 2 - 绿尘藻(GDA, Green Dust Algae) We usually find this type of algae in high tech tanks. It will attach itself to flat, shiny surfaces, such as glass, or decor like rocks. It is a pain to get rid of, but can be treated. 在高科技的缸中常见到绿尘藻，绿尘藻会依附在平坦而光亮的地方，如玻璃或者装饰石， 很难完全摆脱掉绿尘藻，但是可以治疗。 Causes- A) High PO4 levels - Check your water source B) Too much light C) Excess ammonia - From dead plants, disturbing the substrate or from any decomposing material D) Low nitrate levels E) MG:CA balance out Solutions - 1) Increase the nitrate levels, by increasing the dosing of fertilisers 2) Lower po4 levels, by doing a 40% water change, adjusting the po4 dosing to your tank or increasing your KNO3 levels 3) Check for any dead material in the tank which may be decomposing. 4) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible 5) Do a blackout as per instructed above 6) Increase CO2 levels 产生原因 - A. 磷酸盐含量过高 - 请检查你的水源 B. 光源供给过多 C. 氨含量过高 - 可能来自於已枯死的水草植物，不稳定的底床或各种分解物质 D. 硝酸盐(NO3-)含量过低 E. 镁钙抵销 (?) 解决方法 - 1. 用剂量化肥增加硝酸盐含量 2. 可藉由换水40%降低磷酸盐含量，调整磷酸盐剂量，或者增加硝酸钾含量 3. 检查缸中有没有腐败死物 4. 如果可以，减少照明光照和强度 5. 进行上述蓝绿藻的无光处理 6. 增加CO2含量 In my experience the best ways for treating GDA is by good cleaning practices as well as making sure points 1-6 are adhered to. This does help if you have more than one tank to house any occupants when you do the following. 1 Disconnect the filtration system 2. Stirr up the tank as much as possible and removed as much algae from plants, leaving the dust to go into the water column 3. While all the algae is in the water, remove 75% of the water. 4. Next, remove any decorations (including wood) and scrub them down, rinsing in tap water to remove all remaining spores. 5. On plants where the algae could not be removed by hand, you can do a bleach dip. Be careful here, ask if not sure! 6. Fill the tank up with water, if possible, RO water is preferred. 7. If the algae is really bad, it's worth rinsing the filter media a few times to make sure that none of the algae spores are in there (always use tank water for this) When you have cleaned the tank thoroughly, keep an eye on it for any further growth. If this occurs, clean it ASAP with minimal disturbance. If it is possible, drop the water level to bellow the problem area and clean, which should minimise contact with the water column. 治疗绿尘藻的最好方式，就是时常清洁还有确认遵守上述1-6点动作，如果你有一个以上 的缸的话，照着下面做会有很大帮助 1. 切断过滤系统 2. 尽可能的搅拌缸，除掉植物上的藻类，以水柱除尘 3. 当全部藻类都在水中时，换水75% 4. 接着，拿掉全部装饰，包括沉木，用力清洗饰物，用自来水冲洗掉残存的孢子 (拿掉全部装饰品，包括沉木头，用自来水清洗掉装饰品上导致藻类再生的种子) 5. 植物上不能用手拿掉的藻类，可以泡漂白水，小心点，如果不确定就先问 6. 加水，如果可以最好是用RO水 7. 但如果真的爆藻相当严重，就需要清洗滤材，以确保滤材中没有藻类种子 (注: 请使 用原缸水清洗) 已经仔细清洗过缸後，注意有没有再长藻，如果还没完全根绝，赶快以最小动作清理，可 能的话降低水位到有问题的水位以下再清洗，然後这个过程中动作最好别接触到水 3 - Green Spot Algae 3 - 绿斑藻 (Green Spot Algae, GSA) Green spot algae (GSA) is usually found on the glass and slower growing plant leaves. Causes - A) Low PO4 levels B) High light / intensity C) Low levels of CO2 Solutions - 1) Increase PO4 levels by dosing more potassium through fertilisation. 2) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible 3) Increase the CO2 levels through a co2 system or using flourish excel (a carbon supplement) 4) Remove more resistant plants, like anubias and perform a bleach dip 5) Move slower growing plants showing GSA into shaded areas. The procedure of cleaning GSA is similar to GDA, follow points 1-7 and you should beat this pretty quickly. 绿斑藻常见於玻璃还有成长较慢的植物叶片上 起因- A) 磷酸盐(PO4)含量过低 B) 光源太强 C) CO2含量太低 解决方法- 1. 藉由增加钾肥剂量来增加磷酸盐含量 2. 如果可以的话，减少光照时间及强度 3. 增加CO2含量 4. 移开会阻水的植物，如小榕，然後泡漂白水 5. 移开成长慢的植物，让绿斑藻没有掩蔽物 绿斑藻的清理动作跟绿尘藻类似，照着清理绿尘藻的步骤1~7做，即可战胜绿斑藻 4 - Black Beard Algae aka BBA, Black Brush Algae 4 - 黑毛藻(Black Beard Algae,Black Brush Algae,BBA)，学名是黏发藻 (Gloeotrichia Echimilate)，也有人称红藻，刷状藻 This type of algae appears as short hairs, usually a couple of cm long closely packed together. Appears dark green, black, or dark red. It usually grows on plant leaves, and sometimes on decorations/substrate. It is usually found around the edges of plant leaves. Causes - A) Low CO2 levels B) High PO4 levels Solutions - 1) Increase the CO2 levels through a co2 system or using flourish excel (a carbon supplement) 2) Lower po4 levels, by doing a 40% water change, adjusting the po4 dosing to your tank or increasing your KNO3 levels 3) Using Flourish Excel, especially above the recommended amount. 黑毛藻外观像短发，颜色为深绿、黑，或者深红，常以公分长成束聚集，通常长在植物叶 子上，有时候则是会在装饰物或底床上，大多会在植物叶缘上发现。 产生原因 A. CO2含量过低 B. 磷酸盐(PO4)含量过高 处理方法 1. 藉由CO2系统或者有机碳源提高CO2含量 2. 可藉由换水40%降低磷酸盐(PO4)含量，调整磷酸盐剂量，或者增加硝酸钾含量 3. 有机碳源剂量使用高於建议用量 As stated above, the most effective way of treating this algae is to increase co2 levels in the tank. It could be that you are not able to invest in a pressurised setup, so please check Bob's DIY co2 tips, which is effective on tanks around the 150lt mark. One successful way of getting rid of this algae is to use Seachems Flourish Excel. This contains an isomer of glutaraldehyde which is a colourless liquid with a pungent odour used to sterilize medical and dental equipment. Dosing this has been successful for many aquarists including myself, and is probably the easiest way to get rid of this algae. There are a few fish that eat this stuff, and those that do, in my experience, once they know what bloodworms / flake is like, the algae seems less appealing for some reason Smile 上述情况中，对於黑毛藻治癒的最有效方法为增加CO2含量，可能你没有本钱安装设备， 可以参考Bob的DIY CO2(我也不认识他说的Bob，CO2 DIY自己上网找吧)，缸内为150lt(lt 是啥单位阿= =)最有效，还有一个治疗黑毛藻的有效方法就是使用Seachems Flourish Excel(这算打广告吗…)，成分包含了戊二醛的同分异构物，戊二醛无色，味道刺鼻，通 常使用在医疗消毒及牙医方面，很多水族玩家跟我都已经有成功使用过，而这也可能是最 简单治疗黑毛藻的方法了。 有少部分鱼会处理这个问题，但在我的经验中，这些会处理藻类问题的鱼，只要让他们尝 试过一次红虫的滋味，藻类似乎会为此露出微笑。 5 - Hair Algae Hair algae is usually found on the plant leaves and decor. It comes in long strands at least 3" long, and in a variety of colours. Again this is an easily treatable algae which will disappear when correct levels are maintained in the tank. Causes - A) If its green - High iron. This can be because of - Water source has high iron content, out of balance fertilising, nutrient tab in the substrate leaching into the water column (poking through) B) If its black - Low co2 levels Solutions - 1) Increase co2 levels 2) Check fertilisers for high iron content 3) Adjust fertilisation 4) Dose flourish excel Either by adjusting the CO2 levels or reducing the iron in the tank will get rid of this algae pretty quickly. 5 – 发状藻 发状藻大多会出现在植物叶上或装饰品上，外观起码3寸(?)长，色彩多变，发状藻疗程简 单，只要水质含量稳定正常就会消失。 产生原因 - A. 若发状藻为绿色，为水中铁质含量过高，养分太高，注水(翻搅)以致底床太多营养盐 B. 若为黑色，CO2含量过低 解决方法 – 1. 增加CO2含量 2. 检查高铁质成分肥料 3. 调整施肥 4. 使用有机碳源 调整CO2含量或降低铁肥成分即可快速治癒发状藻。 6 - Green Water 绿水 This is a free floating form of algae that is present in the water column. It is not harmful to the plants or fish, however, unsightly to us. Causes - A) High lighting B) High ammonia (NH4) C) High Nutrient levels D) Disturbance of the substrate Solutions - 1) UV filter the tank. Using a UV filter, the water comes in close contact with the floating algae and gets vaporised. They are also useful for polishing the water and controlling disease in the tank. 2) blackout the tank for 3 days 3) Using willow branches. Of the methods mentioned above the UV filter is the most efficient and quickest, but also the most costly. In a couple of days this would have cleaned the tank, and if it returns you can just turn it back on. The blackout is effective, and one to try out, but sometimes wont work as effectively as the UV or willow and come back fairly quickly. When treating green water, it is important to continue to dose the tank, but at reduced levels i.e. the fertilisers & lighting, co2 can be left high, as you still need the plants to out compete the algae for nutrients. Willow branches have proven to be successful in the removal of green water. The technique here, is to use willow branches, which remove excess nutrients in the water column. By placing the branches in the tank upright (not in the substrate) after around 5 -10 days you will see roots forming at the base of the branches, and when this happens you should start to see a reduction in the green water. Once cleared remove the branches otherwise your plants would starve of nutrients. The whole process usually takes around 2-3 weeks, and is a cheap effective way of cleaning up this algae. 6 – 绿水 绿水是一种飘浮型藻类，(起因为水柱?)，绿水对植物或鱼无害，只是难看了点。 发生原因 - A. 高度光照 B. 氨含量过高 C. 营份过高 D. 底床不稳(崩解?) 解决方法 - 1. 紫外线过滤，并让紫外线过滤接近绿水使其蒸发，能很好的照明润饰，并控制疫情 2. 照明管制三天 3. 使用柳枝(???) 关於上述提到的紫外线过滤是最有效且最快速的的方法，但也最贵，一段时间就必须清洁 缸，如果绿水又复发，只要重复上面动作，关灯是尝试出的有效方法，但是有时候成效不 如紫外线过滤或柳枝，而且复发相当快。 治疗绿水时，必须持续下药(?)，但减少施肥跟光照，CO2可以维持高输入，而你的植物仍 需要比藻类更多营养。 柳枝(?)已被证实可以移除绿水，使用柳枝可以移除水中过量的养分，笔直的放置柳枝(不 是放在底床里)，大约5~10天後就可以看到根从枝发散，之後就可以看到绿水变少，清除 掉绿水後拿掉柳枝，不然植物会缺乏养分，而使用柳枝这方法的过程中，大约要花两至三 周，这也是清理绿水低效率(? 廉价有效?)的方法。 7 - Diatomic Algae Diatomic algae occurs in newly setup tanks. It is usually found on plants in thick masses, as well as on tank decor just when the nitrogen cycle is finishing. It is fortunate this is an easy one to cure. Causes - A) Too much light / wrong spectrum B) Nutrients unbalanced C) High phosphate levels (po4) D) High silicate levels Solutions - 1) Reduce the lighting photoperiod, and intensity if possible 2) Make sure that no3 / co2 levels are around the correct amount. 3) Reduce po4 levels, through fertilising regime, using a RO filter if it is high in your water source 4) For silica levels an RO unit will get rid of impurities. By putting into action any of these solutions for the algaes described, the growth sources are being eliminated & you should see a gradual decrease in the growth of the algae. In the meantime, while you determine and correct the underlying problem, the unsightly algae can manually be removed. Thanks for reading, and if this has not helped, or you need more information, please post in the plant section. James 7 - Diatomic Algae (找不到中译名，Diatomic 双原子 双价；暂译 二价藻) 二价藻会出现在新设缸里，通常会看到厚厚的聚在植物上，当氮循环结束时，也会在装饰 品上壮大，幸运的是，二价藻很好处理。 产生原因 - A. 光源太强或给予错误的光谱 B. 营份失衡 C. PO4(磷酸盐)含量过高 D. 矽酸盐含量过高 解决方法 - 1. 如果可以的话，降低光照时间还有强度 2. 确认NO3(硝酸盐)或CO2含量正确 3. 如果含量过高，藉由过滤方式，使用RO过滤，降低PO4含量 4. 矽酸盐含量可透过RO装置消除杂质 上述的二价藻处理方式，成长源被消灭，你会看到二价藻越长越小，同时确认了问题，碍 眼的二价藻也可以用手移除了。 谢谢你的耐心阅读，如果这篇文没帮助，可能你需要更多的资料，请发表在植物区。 ============================================================================== 翻译的很烂 很伤眼睛XD 再请大家有空帮我纠错吧~ --

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