张爱玲（1920年9月30日—1995年9月8日），上海人，中国现代着名作家。主要作品包括 小说《金锁记》、《倾城之恋》、《半生缘》、《怨女》、《赤地之恋》、《秧歌》等。 曾为香港电懋电影公司编写《南北一家亲》等六个剧本，之後也曾从事翻译与考证工作。 张爱玲与宋淇、邝文美夫妇有深交，她的作品就是透过宋淇介绍给夏志清的。後来夏志清 大大肯定张爱玲那不世出的才情，他的评价令张爱玲名誉国际。张爱玲遗物由宋淇夫妇继 承，其中大部分交由皇冠出版社收藏。 生平简介 1920年（一说为1921年），张爱玲於上海的麦根路（现在叫泰兴路）出生。她的父母给她 取名叫做张煐。张爱玲家世显赫，祖父张佩纶是清末名臣，祖母是晚清洋务派领袖朝廷重 臣李鸿章的女儿。父亲张廷重是典型的遗少，母亲黄素琼则是留过洋的新女性。 1922年张爱玲全家搬家到天津。在那里，张爱玲四岁就进入了私塾学习。 1928年张家又搬回了上海。 1930年张瑛被改名为张爱玲，这是为了上中学报名方便。「爱玲」为英文「Eileen」的译 音。同年，张爱玲的父母离婚。 1931年张爱玲开始在上海白利南路美国圣公会所办的贵族学校圣玛利亚女中就读。 1932年在该校的校刊上发表了她的短篇小说处女作《不幸的她》。 1933年在该校刊发表她的第一篇散文《迟暮》。 1937年在一些刊物上发表了多篇小说，并在这一年从中学毕业。 1939年考入香港大学。成绩优异，连获奖学金并有机会赴伦敦大学深造。日战爆发後，不 得不中断学业，回沪从事文学创作为生。 1943年发表几篇重要着作，包括《沉香屑 第一炉香》、《倾城之恋》、《心经》等。同 年认识胡兰成。并於1944年结婚。张爱玲在日本人占领期间的「表现」，鲜为人知。[1] ，但是其婚姻并不长久，她与胡兰成在1947年离婚。 1948年发表《十八春》（後来改名为《半生缘》）。 1952年迁居到香港。到香港美国新闻处工作。 1955年赴美国定居。 1956年，她得到了Edward MacDowell Colony 的写作奖金。这一年她结识了剧作家赖雅， 同年八月在纽约与赖雅结婚 。开始创作小说《秧歌》与《赤地之恋》，小说的故事背景 是「三反、五反」时期。由於作品与当时中共的主流格调不合，被作为「毒草」而批判。 在大陆文学界，张爱玲也因此长期被作为反面典型，直到改革开放之後才有所改观。 1957年─1964年 为香港电影业钜子陆运涛的电影懋业公司编写《情场如战场》等剧本。 1967年，改编短篇小说《金锁记》为《怨女》，又名《北地胭脂》。 1967年，赖雅去世，张爱玲获邀担任美国纽约雷德克里芙学校驻校作家，并且开始将清朝 的长篇小说《海上花列传》 翻译成为英文。 1968年，《十八春》的内容经过修改以後重新定名为《半生缘》，在《皇冠》杂志、香港 《星岛晚报》进行连载。 1973年定居洛杉矶。 1991年，《张爱玲全集典藏版》由皇冠文学出版有限公司出版。 1995年9月8日，张爱玲逝世於洛杉矶寓所，享年74岁。同年9月19日，林式遵照其遗愿， 同将她的遗体在洛杉机惠捷尔市玫瑰岗墓园火化。同年张之忌辰日（9月30日），林式同 与几位文友将其骨灰撒在太平洋。遗物则由友人宋淇、邝文美夫妇处理，其中大部分交由 皇冠出版社收藏。 1997年，旅美学者张错在美国南加大成立「张爱玲文物特藏中心」为名，得到宋淇遗孀邝 文美的同意，送了南加大图书馆两箱张爱玲的遗稿，发现《海上花》英译稿竟就在其中。 张爱玲作品 张爱玲一生创作大量文学作品。类型包括小说、散文、电影剧本以及文学论着，她的书信 也被人们作为着作的一部分加以研究。 张爱玲的作品《怨女》、《流言》、《半生缘》及《张爱玲短篇小说集》於1960、70年代 先後由台北皇冠出版社重新出版，且於1980年代畅销海内外。张爱玲小说风格对台湾战後 文坛的小说流派影响深远。电影剧本有由林黛主演的《不了情》。 2004年2月，台湾皇冠文化集团在其50周年社庆之际，宣布推出张爱玲的遗作《同学少年 都不贱》，这本突然曝光的着作据称是张爱玲的最後一部遗稿。其後该书的简体中文版权 也由天津人民出版社获得。 2005年，皇冠出版社与大陆的书商合作，委托陈子善先生担任主编，收录她以往未曾正式 结集出版的散文、电影剧作、亲笔插画和个人遗物的照片，辑成新书《沉香》。 着作列表 半生缘 赤地之恋 怨女 流言 红楼梦魇 海上花开 海上花落 秧歌 张看 惘然记 第一炉香 倾城之恋 对照记 余韵 小团圆 爱默森选集(译作) 同学少年都不贱 英文 Eileen Chang (Traditional Chinese: 张爱玲; Simplified Chinese: ??玲; Pinyin: Zh?ng Ailing) (September 30, 1920–1995) was a Chinese writer. She also used the pseudonym Liang Jing (梁京), though very rarely. Her works frequently deal with the tensions between men and women in love, and are considered by some scholars to be among the best Chinese literature of the period. Chang's work describing life in 1940s Shanghai and occupied Hong Kong is remarkable in its focus on everyday life and the absence of the political subtext which characterised many other writers of the period. Yuan Qiongqiong was an author in Taiwan that styled her literature exposing feminism after Eileen Chang's. Eileen Chang 张爱玲 Pseudonym: Liang Jing Born: September 30, 1920 Shanghai, China Died: September 8, 1995 Los Angeles, US Occupation: novelist, essayist, screenwriter Writing period: 1932-1995 Genres: Literary fiction Influences: Cao Xueqin Early life Born in Shanghai on September 30, 1920, to a renowned family, Eileen Chang's paternal grandfather Zhang Peilun was a son-in-law to Li Hongzhang, an influential Qing court official. Chang was named Zhang Ying (张瑛) at birth. Her family moved to Tianjin in 1922, where she started school at the age of four. When Chang was five, her birth mother left for the United Kingdom after her father took in a concubine. Chang's father became addicted to opium. Although Chang's mother did return four years later, following her husband's promise to quit the drug and split with the concubine, a divorce could not be averted. Chang's unhappy childhood in the broken family probably gave her later works their pessimistic overtone. The family moved back to Shanghai in 1928. She started to read Dream of the Red Chamber. Two years later, Chang was renamed Eileen (her Chinese first name, Ailing, was actually a transliteration of Eileen) in preparation for her entry into the Saint Maria Girls' School and her parents divorced. In 1932, she wrote her debut short novel. During her secondary education, Chang was already deemed a genius in literature. Her writings were published in the school magazine. In 1939, she was accepted into the University of Hong Kong to study Literature. She also received a scholarship to study in the University of London, though the opportunity had to be given up due to the ongoing Pacific War. Hong Kong fell to the Empire of Japan on December 25, 1941. The Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong would last until 1945. Chang had left occupied Hong Kong for her native Shanghai. She fed herself with what she was best at - writing. It was during this period when some of her most acclaimed works, including Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (倾城之恋) and Jin Suo Ji (金锁记), were penned. First marriage Chang met her first husband Hu Lancheng (胡兰成) in 1943 and married him in the following year. She loved him dearly, despite his being already married as well as labelled a traitor for collaborating with the Japanese. When Japan was defeated in 1945, Hu escaped to Wenzhou, where he fell in love with yet another woman. When Chang traced him to his refuge, she realized she could not salvage the marriage. They finally divorced in 1947. Life in the United States In 1952, Chang migrated back to Hong Kong, where she worked as a translator for the American News Agency for three years. She then left for the United States in the fall of 1955, never to return to Mainland China again. Second marriage In New York, Chang met her second husband, the American scriptwriter Ferdinand Reyer, whom she married in August 1956. Reyer was paralyzed after he was hit by strokes in 1961, while Chang was on a trip to Taiwan, and eventually died in 1967. After Reyer's death, Chang held short-term jobs at Radcliffe College and UC Berkeley. Translation work Chang relocated to Los Angeles in 1973. Two years later, she completed the English translation of The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (海上花列传, literally The Biography of Hai Shang Hua), a celebrated Qing novel in the Wu dialect by Han Bangqing 韩邦庆, 1856-1894. She became increasingly reclusive in her later years. Death Chang was found dead in her apartment on September 8, 1995, by her Iranian-American landlord. The fact that she was only found a few days after her death testifies of her seclusion. Her death certificate states the immediate cause of her death to be Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). According to her will, she was cremated without any open funeral and her ashes were released to the Pacific Ocean. Works 《秧歌》 (The Rice Sprout Song) 《赤地之恋》 《流言》 (Written on Water) 《怨女》 (The Rouge of the North) 《倾城之恋-张爱玲短篇小说集之一》 《第一炉香-张爱玲短篇小说集之二》 《半生缘》(Eighteen Springs) 《张看》 《红楼梦魇》 《海上花开-国语海上花列传一》 《海上花落-国语海上花列传二》 《惘然记》 惘然记 色，戒 (Lust, Caution) 浮花浪蕊 相见欢 多少恨 殷宝艳送花楼会 情场如战场 《续集》 《余韵》 《对照记》 《爱默森选集》 (The Selection of Emerson) 《同学少年都不贱》 《沉香》 Works in English translation ＊Love in a Fallen City (published in October 2006 by New York Review Books) 　Translated by Karen Kingsbury and Eileen Chang. ISBN 1-59017-178-0 ＊"The Golden Cangue" (金锁记) is found in Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas, 　1919-1949 (ed. Joseph S M Lau et al.) HC ISBN 0-231-04202-7 PB ISBN 　0-231-04203-5 ＊Naked Earth (tr. of 赤地之恋) Hong Kong: Union Press, 1956. ＊The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China (tr. of 秧歌 by the author) HC 　ISBN 0-520-21437-4, PB ISBN 0-520-21088-3 ＊The Rouge of the North (tr. of 怨女) HC ISBN 0-520-21438-2 PB 0520210875 ＊Traces of Love and Other Stories PB ISBN 962-7255-22-X ＊The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (Eileen Chang's tr. of Han Bangqing's novel) 　ISBN 0-231-12268-3 ＊Written on Water (tr. of 流言 by Andrew Jones) ISBN 0-231-13138-0 Films Chang has written several film scripts. Some of her works have been filmed and shown on the silver screen as well. ＊Bu Liao Qing (1947) (不了情, modified from novel 多少恨, published as movie 　script) ＊Tai Tai Wan Sui (1947) (太太万岁) ＊Ai Le Zhong Nian (1949) (哀乐中年) ＊Jin Suo Ji (1950) (金锁记, The Golden Cangue) ＊Qing Chang Ru Zhan Chang (1957) (情场如战场, The Battle Of Love, script 　written in 1956) ＊Ren Cai Liang De (unknown) (人财两得, script written in 1956) ＊Tao hua yun (1959) (桃花运, The Wayward Husband, script written in 1956) ＊Liu yue xin niang (1960) (六月新娘, The June Bride) ＊Wen Rou Xiang (1960) (温柔乡) ＊Nan Bei Yi Jia Qin (1962) (南北一家亲) ＊Xiao er nu (1963) (小儿女, Father takes a Bride) ＊Nan Bei Xi Xiang Feng (1964) (南北喜相逢) ＊Yi qu nan wang (1964) (一曲难忘, a.k.a. 魂归离恨天) ＊Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (1984) (倾城之恋, Love in a Fallen City) ＊Yuan Nu (1988) (怨女) ＊Gun Gun Hong Chen (1990) (滚滚红尘, Red Dust) ＊Hong Meigui Yu Bai Meigui (1994) (红玫瑰与白玫瑰, The Red Rose and the 　White Rose) ＊Ban Sheng Yuan (1997) (半生缘, Yuan of Half a Life, also known as Eighteen 　Springs) ＊Hai Shang Hua (1998, 海上花, Flowers of Shanghai) ＊Lust, Caution (2007) (色，戒) See also List of Chinese authors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_authors External links Collected drawings of Eileen Chang, Shanghai 1936-1946 in mini-tofu#7 http://www.tofu-magazine.net/newVersion/pages/home.htm Eileen Chang in Chinese Movie Database (Chinese) http://www.dianying.com/ft/person/ZhangAiling Eileen Chang at the Internet Movie Database http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0151690/ -- 「见了他，她变得很低很低，低到尘埃里，但她心里是欢喜的，从尘埃里开出花来。」 张爱玲 上色:skykissx --

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