|| The Hollywood Issue || Brokeback's big secrets 断背山的大秘密 Was Jack really gay-bashed? Will Ennis love again? What was Heath Ledger’s inspired addition to the script? Screenwriters Larry McMurtry and Diana Ossana take us inside their runaway hit Jack 真的是被仇视同性恋者殴打致死的吗? Ennis 会再爱上别人吗? 希斯 莱杰又为剧本增加了什麽样的灵感呢? 编剧 Larry McMurtry 和 Diana Ossana 带领我们一窥他们成功叫座的内幕。 By Anne Stockwell From The Advocate, February 14, 2006 Brokeback Mountain Brokeback Mountain landing page at Advocate.com If not for Diana Ossana, it’s highly doubtful we’d be cheering Brokeback Mountain on the screen. Deeply moved by Annie Proulx’s 1997 story, Ossana shared it with her celebrated writing partner Larry McMurtry (Lonesome Dove, The Last Picture Show, Terms of Endearment, and so on). The two optioned Proulx’s work and, within weeks, finished a screenplay. Then they embarked on years of meetings with Hollywood types who said the movie would never be made. As everyone knows, Ossana and McMurtry won that battle. As awards season heads into the home stretch, they’re still winning. Speaking with The Advocate in Los Angeles—the acerbic McMurtry punctuating throughout—Ossana insists, “Larry and I never lost faith in our screenplay. I would get frustrated at times when people would tell us, ‘It’s the best script I’ve ever read.’ If that’s true, I’d think, then commit. Come on! Let’s do this thing.” 若非 Diana Ossana，我们会不会对搬上萤幕的断背山这麽喝采是个很大的疑 问。被 Annie Proulx 在1997年的小说所深深感动，Ossana 与她颇负盛名的 编剧搭档 Larry McMurtry 分享这个故事。他们选择 Proulx 的作品，并在数 周内完成剧本。然後他们花了几年的时间与不看好这会拍成电影的好莱坞人士 开会。众所周知，Ossana 和 McMurtry 还是赢得了这场战役。当电影奖项季 节进入最後的阶段，他们仍然是赢家。与洛杉矶的 Advocate 代言人杂志对谈， Ossana 坚持，Larry 跟我从来不曾对我们的剧本失去信心。偶尔人们告诉我 们 "这是我看过最棒的剧本"，我会很泄气。如果那是真的，我会想想，然後 做。来吧，咱们来做吧。 Are you surprised by audiences’ reactions to this film? Ossana: It just makes me really happy that so many people are going to see the film and that so many are moved by it. The farther the film seems to go on the northern plains, into Sioux Falls, S.D., and Fargo, N.D., the quieter the audiences become. That’s some of the most conservative parts of the country. And those folks are going in just wanting to see a good story, and they’re just riveted to the screen. I mean, that was the point when I first read that story in 1997. I wanted to get it out in the world in some major way, and have people feel the things I felt when I read that story. 你们会对观众的反应感到惊讶吗? Ossana: 这麽多人去看这部电影，这麽多人受到感动，让我真的很高兴。这部 电影似乎愈到北方，像是 Sioux Falls, S.D., 和 Fargo, N.D.，观众好像就 变得愈安静。那是这个国家最保守的几个部份。那些人只是为了想看个好故事， 然後他们就被萤幕深深吸引住了。我的意思是，1997年我第一次看到这个故事 时的反应就是这样。我想为它找到出口，然後让人们感受到我读小说时所受到 的感动。 In the new annotated edition, Annie Proulx describes the man who inspired Ennis—an aging ranch hand she saw one night alone in a bar watching the young cowboys play pool. She writes, “Something in his expression, a kind of bitter longing…made me wonder if he was country gay.” In your growing up, were there people who were country gay? McMurtry: When I was a little boy I had a cousin who was gay who was a rodeoer. I didn’t see all that much of Cousin X— 在有注释的新的版本中，Annie Proulx 描写了从他得到 Ennis 灵感的男人， 有个晚上她看到一个上了年纪的牧场工人，孤独的在酒吧里看着年轻牛仔打撞 球。她写道，"在他的表情上，一种苦涩的渴望...让我想到他是不是一个乡下 的同性恋"。在你的成长过程中，有谁是乡下的同志吗? McMurtry: 我小时候有个表哥是个竞技牛仔，他是个同志。我对这个X表哥不 是很熟。 Cousin X? [Anne laughs] McMurtry: Yes. He lived with a schoolteacher in one of the towns in Texas, near where we set Jack’s life in the film. And the first vibe I ever got, I suppose, having to do with homosexuality was when we’d go up to family reunions, my father and mother would say, "Now, please be very polite to Cousin X’s gentleman friend.” We had no reason not to be. The gentleman friend was perfectly nice. And yet there was some anxiety in my parents that somehow there would be an awkwardness or something like that. There never was. I don’t even know what happened to Cousin X and his gentleman friend. They’re old enough to have died by now. X表哥? (本篇作者 Anne 笑着问) McMurtry: 是的。他跟一个老师一起住在德州的小镇里，靠近我们在电影中所 设定 Jack 生活的地方。我猜我第一次跟同性恋有关的经验是我们参加家庭聚 会，我爸妈会说，"请对X表哥的绅士朋友(男性朋友)客气点"。我们没理由不这 麽做。那个男性朋友人非常好，但是我的父母仍然有点焦虑，不知怎麽总是有 点笨拙之类的。我甚至不知道 X表哥跟他的男性朋友是怎麽回事。他们现在年 纪可能很大了，也许死了吧。 No sense of “Be careful, Cousin X’s gentleman friend is liable to get you in a corner ”? McMurtry: [A near-smile] The reunions were held outdoors on the great plains. There were no corners where anybody could have got us. Ossana: I grew up in St Louis, and there were gay people in my high school. There’s an incident I remember very well. It really affected me. There were these two girls in my class. They were both very athletic, very nice girls, and they were together all the time. We just assumed they were best friends. But they did get made fun of for being queer. That’s the word everybody used back then. One girl it didn’t bother so much. The other girl, in my senior year she committed suicide. "小心点，X表哥的男性朋友可能会把你拖去角落" 没道理吗? McMurtry: (笑了一下) 那个聚会是在室外的旷野举办的，没什麽角落可以让谁 拖我们进去。 Ossana: 我在圣路易长大，我读的高中里有同性恋。有件事我记得很清楚， 我深深受到影响。我班上有两个女孩，她们都很有运动细胞，人非常好，而且 她们总是形影不离。我们只是假设她们是死党。但是她们被取笑是同性恋(或是 怪胎)。每个人都用这个字在她们背後讲话。其中一个并没有受到多大的困扰， 但是另一个女孩在我高年级时自杀了。 Proulx writes that she still gets letters from people who personally relate to the characters in her story. McMurtry: We just got a letter, very sad, from an Arizona cowboy. Ossana: He wanted to thank us and Heath and Jake for making this film. He said he felt like he was watching his story up on the screen. He said, “You know, I’m gonna be 70, and I feel full of regret. There were a couple of men that I loved, one of whom was married and had three children. We never followed through on any of it. We just didn’t feel free to do it.” Proulx 写到她仍然会接到与那些角色有关的人们的来信。 McMurtry: 我们有接过一封信，很悲哀，那是来自一个亚利桑那的牛仔。 Ossana: 为了这部电影，他要谢谢我们，希斯和杰克。他觉得像是在萤幕上看 着自己的故事。他说，"你知道吗，我快70岁了，而我感到非常悔恨。我曾经 爱过几个男人，其中一个结了婚并有三个小孩。我们从未让任何一段感情坚持 下去，我们觉得无法自由的相爱。" According to Proulx, Wyoming has the highest suicide rate in the country—and most of those suicides are elderly single men. Did you two imagine Ennis’s future at all? Ossana: I think Annie has a story somewhere about Ennis as an older man, and he winds up moving in with Alma Jr. McMurtry: I don’t think Ennis would kill himself. Ossana: He’s too tough. That would be a sign of weakness, and it would leave a memory of him as being weak, and I don’t think he would want that. But I do think that Ennis knows that people probably know that he’s homosexual, and emotionally [at the end of the film] I think he makes a tiny bit of progress, because he agrees to attend Alma Jr.’s wedding. Finally he compromises— McMurtry: And doesn’t disappoint a woman. Ossana: It’s the first time in the film that he doesn’t disappoint someone, male or female. It’s a tiny baby step, but he does it. I just don’t know how much [more] he’s capable of changing. I think if anything, he might become even more homophobic and bitter because of what he did, what he gave up, what he lost, what he’ll never have. 根据 Proulx 的说法，怀俄明是全国自杀率最高的地方，而其中大多数是老年 单身男性。你们两位有想过 Ennis 的未来吗? Ossana: 我觉得 Annie 在某个地方有个关於 Ennis 老年後的故事，而他最後 会搬过去与小艾玛一起住。 McMurtry: 我不认为 Ennis 会自杀。 Ossana: 他太坚强了。那可能是个软弱的象徵，而且自杀会给他自己留下软弱 的记忆，我不认为他会想要这样。但是我觉得 Ennis 知道人们可能知道他是 同性恋，情感上(在影片的最後)我觉得他有点小小的进步，因为他同意去小艾 玛的婚礼。最後他还是妥协了。 McMurtry: 而且不让女人失望。 Ossana: 这是他在电影中第一次不让某个人失望，不管是男人或女人。这是小 小的一步，像婴儿一样，但他做到了。我不知道他能改变多少。如果有区别话， 我觉得他可能因为他的所作所为，他所放弃的，他所失去的，以及他永远得不 到的，而变得更恐惧同性恋，更苦。 Ennis is convinced that Jack was murdered with a tire iron. I don’t necessarily believe it. McMurtry: It’s what Ennis is feeling at the moment. But Lureen’s explanation is just as good. A lot of tires blow up and kill people. Ennis 相信 Jack 是被人用轮胎铁圈所谋杀。我未必相信如此。 McMurtry: 这是 Ennis 当时所感觉的。但是 Lureen 的说法也很可信，很多 人因为轮胎爆炸而死。 Do people hope Jack wasn’t murdered? What do they believe? Ossana: We’ve been asked that [in every interview]. You can’t believe the things we’ve heard—for example, did Lureen’s father have him killed? A reporter walked up to me and said, “What really happened? I need to know.” I said, “What do you think?” He told me, and I said, “Well, if that works for you, then good.” 人们会希望 Jack 不是被谋杀的吗? 他们相信什麽? Ossana: 我们(在每次专访)都会被问到这个问题。你无法相信我们听到的事， 例如说，Lureen 的爸爸有杀了他吗? 有个记者走来跟我说，"我必须知道到 底发生什麽事"。我说，"你觉得呢?" 他跟我说他的想法，然後我说，"很好， 如果这对你有帮助，那很好。" Oh, that’s the most hateful writer answer. Ossana: But even Annie will tell you it’s ambiguous to her. When you see that [flash] on the screen, we tell people that [we don’t know] what actually happened to Jack. But it’s what Ennis thinks, and he’s been set up to think that by his entire past. This was his biggest fear, that something would happen. And the tragedy is multilayered. If Jack was killed that way, the guilt that Ennis must feel—maybe if he’d taken him up on it, this wouldn’t have happened. But also the fact that he’s not sure. What is more tragic than not knowing how your loved one has died? 喔，那是作者最让人讨厌的回答。 Ossana: 即使是 Annie，她也会告诉你她不知道。当你看到萤幕上闪过的画 面，我们告诉人们，(我们不知道) Jack 到底发生了什麽事。那是 Ennis 所认为的，因为他的过去，他被设定会这麽想。这是他最大的恐惧...会有 什麽事情发生。这个悲剧是很多层的。如果 Jack 真是这样被打死，Ennis 必定会感到罪恶感，也许如果他有跟他一起上去，这一切就不会发生了。 但他无法确定这是事实。还有什麽悲剧比你不知道你所爱的人是如何死去更 惨? There’s “don’t ask, don’t tell” for you. Ossana: So when he goes to Jack’s parents’— McMurtry: It’s when Ennis goes there that it becomes a great movie, that it becomes a tragedy. Ossana: The father’s talking about Jack—“Ennis Del Mar, he used to say.” The camera turns to Ennis and you see this little faint smile on his face, ’cause Jack was talking about him. Then the father says, “And then Jack was gonna bring another fellow up here.” And you go back to Ennis and his smile is gone. That’s when he realizes there was somebody else. That hurts too. But he knows in his innards that it’s his own fault. He can’t blame Jack for that anymore. And then he goes up to Jack’s room and he finds his old shirt hanging tucked inside Jack’s, and he realizes how much that man loved him—how deeply he loved him from the get-go. 所以对你而言，这个问题 "别问，也别说" 罗? Ossana: 所以当他去 Jack 的老家... McMurtry: 当 Ennis 去那里时，这个故事变成一部伟大的电影，变成一个 悲剧。 Ossana: Jack 的爸爸谈着 Jack，“Ennis Del Mar，他曾经说..." 镜头转 向 Ennis，你可以看见他脸上淡淡的笑容，因为 Jack 说着关於他的事。然 後他爸爸说，"然後 Jack 要带另一个人上山" 这时候你回头看 Ennis 的笑 容消失了。那就是他明白这段关系有其他人的时候。这很伤人。但是他心中 知道这是他自己的错。他不能怪 Jack。然後他上楼去 Jack 的房间，发现 他的旧衬衫包覆在 Jack 的衣服里吊起来，他终於明白 Jack 有多麽的爱他。 I had to see the movie twice before I realized that later on, when Ennis had those shirts hanging in his trailer, he’d tucked Jack’s inside his. Did you two come up with that? Ossana: No. That was Heath. 我必须看两次电影才知道这些，当 Ennis 把这两件衬衫挂在他的拖车上， 他把 Jack 的衬衫套在自己衬衫的里面。这是你们两个想到的吗? Ossana: 不是，那是希斯的点子。 What’s the stupidest question you’ve been asked so far? McMurtry: Somebody asked us if we could see ourselves writing a sequel about Ennis which has a happy ending. Ossana: We’ve been asked so many questions, some of which have raised the hair on the back of my neck. The first time we were asked if we felt brave for doing this, I was startled. The only time I felt any fear was when my daughter was in Laramie, Wyo., when they found Matthew Shepard. This was a year after we wrote the script, and it just hit home again, how from 1963 to the late ’90s it was the same. It wasn’t any different. 到目前为止，你们被问过最笨的问题是什麽? McMurtry: 有人问我们会不会再写一个 Ennis 有个快乐结局的续集。 Ossana: 我们被问过很多问题，有些会令我脖子的寒毛直竖。第一次被问 到我们是否觉得这麽做很勇敢，我受惊了。唯一一次我觉得恐惧的是当我 的女儿在怀俄明州的拉拉密，就是 Matthew Shepard 被发现的地方。那 是我们写好剧本的一年後。那再次说明，从1963年到90年代末期，都是一 样，没有任何改变。 Davidgood 注释: 关於 Matthew Shepard，请看我下一篇关於 电影 "仇恨之罪" 的文章。 Some conservative pundits are saying your film attacks the myth of the cowboy. Larry, you ought to know: Does the myth of the cowboy need preserving? McMurtry: I’ve discovered that it’s very hard to demythicize the cowboy. It’s the most iconic American figure of all. Ossana: To say that we’ve attacked this masculine icon just seems silly. John Wayne and his movies will always be there. 有些保守的权威者说你们的电影攻击了牛仔的神话。Larry，你应该知道， 牛仔神话需要被保留吗? McMurtry: 我发现要去除牛仔神话是很难的，这是最鲜明的美国图腾。 Ossana: 要说我们攻击这个男性图腾是很愚蠢的，约翰韦恩和他的电影永 远都会存在啊。 You both live in red states. When you were working on this film, did you ever think about political aftermath? McMurtry: Never. Ossana: People are people. We all feel emotion. Every single person on this planet, and they’d be lying if they denied it, has felt loneliness in their lives. McMurtry: The gratifying thing is that this movie has played well in all color states, red and blue. It draws them in because millions and millions of families have some gay member, involvement, problem, something. And I think people are seeking understanding in coming to this film. We’ve tapped into the zeitgeist somehow or other. It’s something you can’t really plan—it either happens or it doesn’t happen. The zeitgeist was waiting there out of sight and we didn’t know. 你们两个都住在红色的州(共和党的州，保守的州)，当你们为这部电影努 力时，你们曾经考虑到政治的後果吗? McMurtry: 从来没有。 Ossana: 人们也都是人啊。我们都会有感情，地球上的每个人都曾感到孤 独，如果他们否认的话，他们就是在说谎。 McMurtry: 不管在哪个颜色的州，红色还是蓝色(民主党的州，自由开放的 州)，这部电影都上映的很好，这是令人高兴的。因为数以百万的家庭有同 志成员，有牵涉其中，有一些问题等等，把他们吸引到电影院去。而且我 认为人们在寻求互相了解。我们不知怎麽的触动了时代的潮流，这是你无 法计画的，发生就是发生了。时代的思潮等在一个看不见的地方，我们也 不知道。 Who was the Texas-hairdo consultant? Ossana: Ang Lee and the production designer came to Texas. We took them to Wichita Falls. And Ang saw people that still looked like that, so that stayed in his and Judy Becker’s minds, I’m sure. 谁是德州发型的顾问? Ossana: 李安和设计师来到德州，我们带他们去Wichita Falls。李安看见 人们看起来就像这样，所以那留在李安和 Judy Becker 的脑中，我很确定。 Let me ask you about attending the Golden Globes. Larry, I know this is not your first time at that rodeo— McMurtry: Yes, it was my first time. I’ve never been to an awards show of any kind until then. I’ve been nominated for Oscars and stuff; I just didn’t go. I never wanted to go. Still don’t, actually. [All laugh] But this movie is special. It’s up there with Terms of Endearment—at least as good, maybe better. 我问问参加金球奖的事。Larry，我知道这不是你的第一次... McMurtry: 不，这是我的第一次。我之前从未参加过什麽颁奖典礼。我被 提名过奥斯卡，但我没去，我从来没想去。事实上现在也是，(大家都笑 了) 但这部电影太特别了，至少比得上我之前参予过的 "Terms of Endearment" 这部电影，甚至更好。 When you and Diana won for Best Screenplay, you thanked your typewriter for keeping you out of the “dry embrace of the computer.” It was the most original acceptance speech I’ve heard in a long time. McMurtry: Thank you. I’ve got a better one if we win the Oscar. 当你跟 Diana 赢得最佳剧本奖，你们谢谢打字机，让你们免於枯燥的电脑， 这是长久以来我听过最赞同的得奖感言。 McMurtry: 谢谢，如果我们赢得奥斯卡奖，我还有个更好的。 文章出处 http://www.advocate.com/currentstory1_w_ektid25277.asp _____________________________________________ 我三更半夜爆肝翻译这篇...全是为了李安板开板而共襄盛举啊~~ 大家如果还看到什麽好的文章，最好是那种有内幕的，我再来翻译罗!! 还有什麽悲剧比你不知道你所爱的人是如何死去更惨? 天哪...快哭了~~ -- Everything. Everyone. Everywhere. End...or Eternity? 结束...还是永恒... ~~ For《Six Feet Under》 ~~ --

※ 发信站: 批踢踢实业坊(ptt.cc) ◆ From: 61.224.42.190 ※ 编辑: Davidgood 来自: 61.224.40.86 (02/15 22:53)