转贴一篇文章 讲Martial Art 与 Sport的差异 优劣 因为我用文章清洁大师处理过文章的长度 有些单字可能被切到 请笑纳 -- Fighting or Playing?The Martial Art vs Sport Debate By Neil Ohlenkamp Many people think of Judo and Taekwondo as sports because they are included along with other major sports in Olympic c ompetition. Boxing, wrestling, Judo, taekwondo, and kickboxi ng are examples of martial sports. I often hear martial arti sts who use the term "sport" as if referring to a game with no usefulness. The implication is that a sport is only for " play" and cannot be effective for self defense, fighting or combat. Many martialartists think that the distinction betwe en sport and martial art is that martial artists train for r eal life. Actually the distinction is more complex and rather surpri sing. In discussing it I will make generalizations that may not apply to the way you train in your sport or martial art. However I hope to give you a new way to look at the potenti al value of sports principles for martial arts training. One of the primary differences betweenmartial sports and a rts is in the valueof the training methods. Because of their alleged danger or lethality, many martial arts engage in ar tificial and even counter-productive training which involves "pulling" techniques, modifying the point of contact, and a dding in a precautionary element of movement that, rather th an training the body, can inhibit its natural action and the ultimate conclusion of a technique. Slow, careful, non-cont act training is not an effective approach to prepare for act ual fighting situations that require the opposite reactions. Typifying this approach is a student who falsely equates th e ability to breakboards with the ability to punch a person in the face. As another example, I have never seen realistic training in throat strikes or eye gouges in any martial art s class, even though these are often recommended for self de fense. The teaching generally done for these techniques help s students to understand what to do, but does not provide ef fective results for fast, reflexive and accurate application of these techniques against an unwilling opponent in real l ife combat. Sport, by removing some of the potential dangers, achieves the opposite. That is, sport more typically produces natura l, fast, reflexive movement with full power application, ach ieving a result against a struggling opponent who is also ut ilizing full power while engaging in strategic and tactical resistance using allof his or her resources and training. Te chniques that don't work are soon abandoned, and successful skills are honed against different attackers under a variety of conditions. Maintaining control in various combat situat ions, both in attack and defense, is difficult when faced wi th the unpredictable nature of an opponent's efforts, but fa cing these situations in contest prepares you for similar si tuations. Each opponent in competition is operating at the l imit of physical and psychological skill. By pushing that li mit contestants are continually realizing and expanding thei r potential. Sometimes the "combat" arts substituteintellectual percept ion, a highly subjective and deceptive frame of reference, f or genuine training of the body and mind. Some martial arts don't train effectively for self defense and combat becauset hey can't train for combat without severe risk to training p artners. Many martial arts have instead adopted highly styli zed, ritualistic, and even dysfunctional training methods. I ronically, martialsports may provide the superior training i n effective combat techniques becausemartial arts can't be p racticed in a real life way without injury. In martial sports, one purpose of competition is to take t he place of the older shinken shobu (life-and-death fights) in developing technique, knowledge, and character. You never see yourself so clearly as when you face your own death. Co mpetition can provide a safe, controlledglimpse at this kind of defeat. Fighting spirit can be developed only through fi ghting. Surely it is not the same as the battlefield, but it serves a similar purpose, and it is closer to a combat situ ation than any other form of training. Of course this can go wrong. Winning and losing can become too important and start to pervert the training process. Th e ultimate goal should not be the winning of medals. Using s port competition as a metaphor for real fighting can be quit e different from playing it as a game. Matches, along with f ree practice and sparring, are simply different methods for training the mind and body to deal with the adversity of fig hting situations. Just as non-competitive martial arts training may not prov ide the benefits of competition, training for sport competit ion may not provide the full scope of self defense training. Martial sports often include non-competitive components. Fo r example, competition is only a part ofthe Judo curriculum, and Jigoro Kano, the founder of Judo, was very concerned ab out preserving those self defense techniques that could not be used with full force in competition. However, Judo remain s a remarkably effective self defense training, even after t he development of other modern "combat" methods, and even wh en Judo is practiced today largely as asport. Jigoro Kano ap plied modern sporttraining methodology to the traditionalkor yu jujutsu and found that it produced a better combat art, w hich has proven itself again and again over the last 120year s. Although martial arts and sports both have loftier goals, it is still a fact that many people train in martial arts pr imarily for self-defense. For those who have never used spor t training methods, or those who have never explored traditi onal bujutsu training, it is easy to discount the effectiven ess of the other. Asmartial artists we should continually se ek opportunities to challenge ourselvesby examining the weak nesses in our training and keeping our minds open to otherme thods. I encourage you to discover for yourself how "playing " with a partner in sparring or free practice, or competing against an opponent in contest, can be an effective method o f training for self defense -- ----------------------------------------- 你虚情假意　我也跳舞奉陪 不怕你虚伪　我谁也不爱谁 ------------------------------------------ --

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