※ 引述《ggg12345 (ggg)》之铭言： : → decorum: 纳粹德国是社会主义?别闹笑话了，去看看 R J Evans的书吧 03/03 11:50 : → decorum: 如果招牌就能代表实质 世界可就太简单了 03/03 11:51 : → ggg12345: http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/Nationaler Sozialismus 03/03 15:00 : → decorum: "後续之纳粹主义的发展则失却国家社会主义的多义性质" 03/03 15:39 : → decorum: 自己引的中文也看不懂吗？真好笑。NAZI的口号是2战间主要 03/03 15:40 : → decorum: 意识形态的大锅炒，实质的核心价值是法西斯 种族至上论 03/03 15:42 : : 在20世纪初期，很多社会主义国家都把资本主义作为洪水猛兽，拒绝引入市场经济制度 : 。 : 1900-1930可以概分为是20世纪初期, 在这期间可称为社会主义的"国家"确实不多. : 马克斯主义也自称是社会主义之一, 孙文在民生主义第一讲就说民生主义就是社会 : 主义, 也就是共产主义. 德国的国家民族社会主义也是社会主义的一种, 俄国, 德 : 国是以社会主义立国的"国家". 这两国都排斥资本主义. 20世纪初期确实没有「很 : 多」社会主义国家. 若五个中有三个, 那还是很多的社会主义国家. : : 中华民国初始一直自称是以三民主义为立国基础, 但其民生主义却宣称是社会主义. : 累进税, 涨价归公, 节制私人资本是其主张, 但也没有反对资本主义. : : 大陆邓小平的社会主义市场经济是不是也反对资本主义? 看来不是那麽清楚. 但两 : 岸的差别跟资本主义最有关的就是土地所有制与存在全民所有企业. : : 二十一世纪资本论多少是跟随了马克斯的资本论诉求, 声称资本主义将会崩榻. 资 : 本主义最明显的特徵就是财产私有制, 也就是谋私利的动机保障. 我原以为在 afterphd板 遇到的层次会不大一样呢 看来是个国发所的，甚至是以前三研所的， 用孙文来当benchmark 说社会主义.真是让人无言，唉！ Richard J. Evans 是目前英国研究NAZI的扛霸子 Regius Professor of History at the University of Cambridge The ‘National Socialists’ wanted to unite the two political camps of left and right into which, they argued, the Jews had manipulated the German nation. The basis for this was to be the idea of race. This was light years removed from the class-based ideology of socialism. Nazism was in some ways an extreme counter-ideology to socialism, borrowing much of its rhetoric in the process, from its self-image as a movement rather than a party, to its much-vaunted contempt for bourgeois convention and conservative timidity. The idea of a ‘party’ suggested allegiance to parliamentary democracy, working steadily within a settled democratic polity. In speeches and propaganda, however, Hitler and his followers preferred on the whole to talk of the ‘ National Socialist movement’, just as the Social Democrats had talked of the ‘workers’ movement’ or, come to that, the feminists of the ‘women’s movement’ and the apostles of prewar teenage rebellion of the ‘youth movement’. The term not only suggested dynamism and unceasing forward motion, it also more than hinted at an ultimate goal, an absolute object to work towards that was grander and more final than the endless compromises of conventional politics. By presenting itself as a ‘movement’, National Socialism, like the labour movement, advertised its opposition to conventional politics and its intention to subvert and ultimately overthrow the system within which it was initially forced to work. By replacing class with race, and the dictatorship of the proletariat with the dictatorship of the leader, Nazism reversed the usual terms of socialist ideology. The synthesis of right and left was neatly symbolized in the Party’s official flag, personally chosen by Hitler in mid-1920: the field was bright red, the colour of socialism, with the swastika, the emblem of racist nationalism, outlined in black in the middle of a white circle at the centre of the flag, so that the whole ensemble made a combination of black, white and red, the colours of the official flag of the Bismarckian Empire. In the wake of the 1918 Revolution these came to symbolize rejection of the Weimar Republic and all it stood for; but by changing the design and adding the swastika, a symbol already used by a variety of far-right racist movements and Free Corps units in the postwar period, the Nazis also announced that what they wanted to replace it with was a new, Pan-German, racial state, not the old Wilhelmine status quo. -- There are a lot of things we don't want to know about the people we love. --- Chuck Palahniuk --

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